
The Skin
Best reviews
2022: A review of CBD for cosmetology & dermatology
Cannabidiol – characteristic and application in cosmetology and dermatology
2022: This review looks at the studies on using cannabinoids for skin conditions
Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Dermatologic Conditions
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667026722000017
2022: A review of the transdermal delivery of cannabinoids
The Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutic Cannabinoids
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214170/
2022: A review of using cannabinoids for diseases of skin inflammation
Cannabis-Based Products for the Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases: A Timely Review
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/2/210
2021: Speaking of, this survey looks at why people use cannabis topicals in Canada
A Survey of Topical Cannabis Use in Canada
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798780/
2021: A review of the use of cannabinoids for skin health
Topical Use of Cannabis sativa L. Biochemicals
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/8/3/85
2021: A review of the promise of phytocannabinoids like CBD for healing the skin
Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33851375/
2021: A review of the use of cannabinoids for skin health
Topical Use of Cannabis sativa L. Biochemicals
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/8/3/85
2021: A review of cannabis & the skin
Cannabis and the Skin
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738081X21000705
2021: A review of the use of oral cannabinoids for seborrheic dermatitis - a common skin issue among Parkinson's disease patients
A Review of the Current Evidence Connecting Seborrheic Dermatitis and Parkinson’s Disease and the Potential Role of Oral Cannabinoids
https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/512189
2021: A review of using for healing the skin & skin disorders
Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) for Skin Health and Disorders
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33335413/
2020: Review of cannabinoids for dermatology
Cannabinoids in Dermatology: Hope or Hype?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33381641/
2020: Review of trials & mechanisms
Mechanisms of Cannabinoids and Potential Applicability to Skin Diseases
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32060787/
2020: A review about using cannabinoids for wound healing
The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids for Integumentary Wound Management
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33205468/
2020: A review of the endocannabinoid system's role in healing skin wounds
Cutaneous endocannabinoid system: Does it have a role on skin wound healing bearing fibrosis?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32454223/
2020: ECS & skin inflammation
Cannabinoids in the Pathophysiology of Skin Inflammation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32033005
2019: Cannabinoids & skin conditions
Cannabinoids: Potential Role in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Skin Diseases
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30542832/
2019: excellent review of the cutaneous cannabinoid system (very comprehensive bibliography)
Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30845666
2019: a review of the use of cannabinoids in dermatology
The potential role of cannabinoids in dermatology
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599175/
2018: A review of cannabinoids in dermatology
Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pn8c0sb
2018: review with focus on druggability of ECS for skin disorders (excellent bibliography)
The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30138623
2018: review of cannabinoids in clinic (excellent graphics)
The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Dermatology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30517778
2017: short review for MDs
The role of cannabinoids in dermatology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416341
2013: metareview of the lipid endocannabinoids and how they work in the skin
Bioactive lipid mediators in skin inflammation and immunity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124022
2013: A review of the modulation of mast cells by PEA
New insights in mast cell modulation by palmitoylethanolamide
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23394523
2011: quite a poetic look at the fine regulation by the ECS of skin differentiation in mammalian epidermis (by Maccarrone et. al)
Endocannabinoid signaling and epidermal differentiation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628127
2009: multi-institutional study of ECS for treatment of various skin diseases
The endocannabinoid system of the skin in health and disease: novel perspectives and therapeutic opportunities
Chart Gallery

2020: Cannabidiol protects keratinocyte cell membranes following exposure to UVB and hydrogen peroxide

2019: Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System

2019: Cannabinoids: Potential Role in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Skin Diseases

2020: Cannabidiol protects keratinocyte cell membranes following exposure to UVB and hydrogen peroxide
Timeline of Research
2022: In humans with peripheral neuropathy, a double-blind study showed topical CBD oil caused “significant improvement in pain and other disturbing sensations”
The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31793418/
2022: In nude rats exposed to UV radiation, topical CBD lowered proinflammatory molecules in the skin, dramatically increased the anti-inflammatory LPXA4 & increased antioxidant capacity
Changes in Phospholipid/Ceramide Profiles and Eicosanoid Levels in the Plasma of Rats Irradiated with UV Rays and Treated Topically with Cannabidiol
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34445404/
2022: A study of what effects the absorption of CBD into human skin
In vitro percutaneous absorption studies of cannabidiol using human skin: Exploring the effect of drug concentration, chemical enhancers, and essential oils
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35124116/
2022: This survey finds that consumers use topical cannabis for treating skin conditions like acne & psoriasis
Consumer Perspectives on and Utilization of Medical Cannabis to Treat Dermatologic Conditions
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35005866/
2022: In a mouse model of itching skin, activating the CB1 receptor reduced itching behavior
The Effects of the Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin, Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2, and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride on the Serotonin and Dry Skin-Induced Itch
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34864727/
2022: In rats with a flap of their skin cut (a model for surgical procedures), treatment with the drug sumatriptan seemed to be mediated by the CB2 receptors
Involvement of cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors in the favorable effects of sumatriptan on the random-pattern skin flap survival in rats: a novel potential target
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34929701/
2022: In skin cells, an activator of the CB2 receptor exerted anti-inflammatory effects
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) distribution in dermatomyositis skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in vivo effects of Lenabasum TM
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34983619/
2022: An industry sponsored study finds that CBG produced via yeast fermentation acted as an effective topical skin treatment for inflammation
In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Cannabigerol (CBG) Produced via Yeast Biosynthesis: A Cannabinoid with a Broad Range of Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Health-Boosting Properties
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35056807/
2021: The combination of several clinical trials shows that CBD & PEA skin products are nonirritating & nonsensitizing for the skin
Tolerability profile of topical cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide: a compilation of single-centre randomized evaluator-blinded clinical and in vitro studies in normal skin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34022073/
2021: In skin stem cells from psoriasis patients, the application of CBD restored levels of protective enzymes, lowered inflammation from UVB radiation & protected healthy skin stem cells
Cannabidiol Decreases Metalloproteinase Activity and Normalizes Angiogenesis Factor Expression in UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes from Psoriatic Patients
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2021/7624389/
2021: Adding CBD to a skin healing gel caused it to be more antioxidant & anti-inflammatory as well as accelerating wound healing
A cannabidiol-containing alginate based hydrogel as novel multifunctional wound dressing for promoting wound healing
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0928493121007001
2021: In rats exposed to UV radiation, topical CBD helped to protect from the usual negative changes in the bloodstream resulting from the UV exposure
UV induced changes in proteome of rats plasma are reversed by dermally applied cannabidiol
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34667212/
2021: A remarkable case series showing the power of small amounts of synthetic THC (dronabinol) for neuropathic itch
Neuropathic itch treated with oral cannabinoids: A case series
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34692966/
2021: In humans, the positive effects of hemp oil on the skin
Enhanced Skin Performance of Emulgel vs. Cream as Systems for Topical Delivery of Herbal Actives (Immortelle Extract and Hemp Oil)
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1919
2021: In mice with skin wounds who had no CB1 or CB2 receptors, researchers find that both receptors help to regulate inflammation & that the CB1 receptor is important in wound repair
Genetic deletion of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 enhances inflammation with diverging effects on skin wound healing in mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34624321/
2021: This study finds that special bioactive clothing made from hemp is good for skin conditions & to slow skin aging
Bioactive Hemp Clothing Modified with Cannabidiol (CBD) Cannabis sativa L. Extract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8539042/
2021: A new drug delivery system to get cannabis oil onto the skin for the treatment of wounds
Collagen Hydrogels Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles and Cannabis Sativa Oil
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34827358/
2021: In a mouse model of itching, activation of the CB1 receptor plus a drug to inhibit the heat shock proteins can be used to reduce the itching
The Effects of the Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin, Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2, and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride on the Serotonin and Dry Skin-Induced Itch
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34864727/
2021: In a mouse model of diabetic skin, mice with no CB1 receptors showed decreased collagen levels, more pro-inflammatory markers, more inflammatory macrophages & more free radicals leading to accelerated skin aging
Diabetes and Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency promotes similar early onset aging-like changes in the skin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34437952/
2021: In mice, treatment with topical CBD led their skin to produce more aquaporin-3 (important in skin water retention) & to be more moisturized
Cannabidiol Application Increases Cutaneous Aquaporin-3 and Exerts a Skin Moisturizing Effect
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/879
2021: A case report of a man with ALS & severe itching who used oral cannabinoids to treat his skin condition
Cannabinoids for the treatment of refractory neuropathic pruritus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case report
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34510973/
2021: It turns out the beneficial effects of a Baikal skullcap extract in treating atopic dermatitis in mice is mediated by the endocannabinoid system
ECS Modulating Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Extract on inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice
https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202126758039533.pdf
2021: In a mouse model of diabetic skin, mice with no CB1 receptors showed decreased collagen levels, more pro-inflammatory markers, more inflammatory macrophages & more free radicals leading to accelerated skin aging
Diabetes and Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency promotes similar early onset aging-like changes in the skin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34437952/
2021: In mice, treatment with topical CBD led their skin to produce more aquaporin-3 (important in skin water retention) & to be more moisturized
Cannabidiol Application Increases Cutaneous Aquaporin-3 and Exerts a Skin Moisturizing Effect
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/879
2021: A case report of a man with ALS & severe itching who used oral cannabinoids to treat his skin condition
Cannabinoids for the treatment of refractory neuropathic pruritus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case report
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34510973/
2021: In a study in 35 humans with alopecia (patchy hair loss), 6 months of a topical CBD caused participants to experience an average of 93.5% increase in hair
Case Study of Hair Regrowth with Topical Cannabidiol (CBD)
https://www.ishrs-htforum.org/content/31/4/140
2021: In skin tissue, CBD protected the skin stem cells exposed to toxic hydrogen peroxide by reducing stress & maintaining the protein regulation networks
Protective effects of cannabidiol on the membrane proteins of skin keratinocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide via participation in the proteostasis network
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34298466/
2021: In human skin tissue, activating the CB2 receptor helped with wound healing & the reduction of fibrosis (scarring)
Targeting cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) limits collagen production - an in vitro study in a primary culture of human fibroblasts
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34259358/
2021: In human skin cells, the antioxidant ascorbic acid & rutin protected the skin from UV radiation via direct interaction with the ECS
Exogenous Antioxidants Impact on UV-Induced Changes in Membrane Phospholipids and the Effectiveness of the Endocannabinoid System in Human Skin Cells
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1260/htm
2021: In rats exposed to UV radiation, topical CBD protected the skin & also absorbed into the bloodstream where it proceeded to the liver & caused many changes
Changes in Hepatic Phospholipid Metabolism in Rats under UV Irradiation and Topically Treated with Cannabidiol
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1157/htm
2021: Case study of PEA for the neuropathic pain of shingles
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in the treatment of neuropathic pain: a case study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34289728/
2021: In human skin cells, CBD protected them from the oxidative stress of hydrogen peroxide via the inflammasome
Cannabidiol Protects Human Skin Keratinocytes from Hydrogen-Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress via Modulation of the Caspase-1-IL-1β Axis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33955754/
2021: In humans, CBD & PEA found safe for the skin
Tolerability Profile of Topical Cannabidiol and Palmitoylethanolamide: A Compilation of Single-Center Randomized Evaluator-Blinded Clinical and In Vitro Studies in Normal Skin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34022073/
2021: In skin cells, CBD may act as an anti-inflammatory - but it does not do so via the Caspase-1, interleukin or prostaglandin pathways
Purified Cannabidiol Isolate does not inhibit Active Caspase-1 Release in NLRP Inflammasome-Mediated UVB or ATP-Activated Keratinocytes or Reduce Key inflammatory Cytokines in UVB-irradiate Keratinocytes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33559194/
2021: In skin cells, hemp extracts were found to have positive effects
Positive Effect of Cannabis sativa L. Herb Extracts on Skin Cells and Assessment of Cannabinoid-Based Hydrogels Properties
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33557174/
2021: In humans, rats, and skin cell samples of jaundice, the activation of CB2 by anandamide raised the levels of β-endorphin (an endogenous painkiller)
Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Activation in Keratinocytes Contributes to Elevated Peripheral β-Endorphin Levels in Patients With Obstructive Jaundice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33560661/
2021: In human skin, the soothing effects of patchouli are mediated by the CB2 receptor
Soothing Effect of Pogostemon cablin Extract (Patchouli), via Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Modulation in Human Skin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33413786/
2020: In human skin cells, blocking the CB1 receptor helped to prevent fibrosis (scarring)
AM251, a cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, prevents human fibroblasts differentiation and collagen deposition induced by TGF-β – an in vitro study
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001429992030830X
2020: In 50 humans with itchy scalps, CBD shampoo reduced "both severity and symptoms of scalp inflammation within 2 weeks, with excellent tolerability and treatment satisfaction"
Efficacy and Tolerability of a Shampoo Containing Broad-Spectrum Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Scalp Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Scalp Psoriasis or Seborrheic Dermatitis
https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/510896
2020: In this study of rat skin, they looked at the proteins underlying how CBD protected the skin from UV radiation
Therapeutic application of cannabidiol on UVA and UVB irradiated rat skin. A proteomic study
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0731708520315429
2020: When you put CBD in sunscreen, it protects the keratinocytes (skin stem cells) & melanocytes from the harms of UVB radiation - probably via antioxidant effects
Novel cannabidiol sunscreen protects keratinocytes and melanocytes against ultraviolet B radiation
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jocd.13693
2020: In keratinocytes (the main cells of the skin), CBD protected against the insults of UVB radiation & hydrogen peroxide via a variety of mechanisms (includes a nice graphic)
Cannabidiol protects keratinocyte cell membranes following exposure to UVB and hydrogen peroxide
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32863232/
2020: A Hataedock treatment is the feeding of herbal extracts to infants for the prevention of future skin diseases. It's widely done across China & Korea & this research suggests that it works via the ECS
Effect of Hataedock Treatment on Epidermal Structure Maintenance through Intervention in the Endocannabinoid System
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2020/3605153/
2020: In skin cells, the CB1 receptors on the surface of the mitochondria (powerhouse of cell) downregulated mitochondrial activity, suggesting a therapeutic intervention for the excessive productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes aging and sun damage
Mitochondrial energy metabolism is negatively regulated by cannabinoid receptor 1 in intact human epidermis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367548
2020: In skin cells, the CB1 receptors on the surface of the mitochondria (powerhouse of cell) downregulates mitochondrial activity, suggesting a therapeutic intervention for the excessive productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause aging and sun damage
Mitochondrial energy metabolism is negatively regulated by cannabinoid receptor 1 in intact human epidermis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367548
2019: In human skin cells, CBD inhibited inflammatory molecules & assisted in wound repair
Cannabis sativa L. extract and cannabidiol inhibit in vitro mediators of skin inflammation and wound injury
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31250491
2019: in keratinocytes, CBD as regulator of inflammation and transcription
Cannabidiol Regulates the Expression of Keratinocyte Proteins Involved in the Inflammation Process through Transcriptional Regulation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31382646
2019: in skin cells, CBD protected from UV radiation
The Differences in the Proteome Profile of Cannabidiol-Treated Skin Fibroblasts following UVA or UVB Irradiation in 2D and 3D Cell Cultures
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31466340
2019: In a mouse model, increase of endocannabinoids has significant effects on skin inflammation
Modulators of the endocannabinoid system influence skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in a mouse model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31350927
2018: How the ECS regulates the highly specialized multifacted sebocyte cells
Endocannabinoid Tone Regulates Human Sebocyte Biology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29501385
2018: Letter on use of cannabinoids for rare genetic keratin disorders
Neuroendocrine treatment of inherited keratin disorders by cannabinoids?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29897115
2018: In mast cells, anandamide causes less proinflammatory molecules to be created via a (putative) heteromer complex of GPR55 & CB2 plus modulation of the CB1 receptor
Anandamide inhibits FcεRI-dependent degranulation and cytokine synthesis in mast cells through CB2 and GPR55 receptor activation. Possible involvement of CB2-GPR55 heteromers
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243065
2016: CBD topical for arthritis
Transdermal cannabidiol reduces inflammation and pain-related behaviours in a rat model of arthritis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851925/
2016: How inhibiting FAAH causes anti-inflammatory effects
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase exerts cutaneous anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738935
2016: PEA raises 2AG & potentiates it at TRPV1
The anti-inflammatory mediator palmitoylethanolamide enhances the levels of 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and potentiates its actions at TRPV1 cation channels
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25598150
2016: Mechanisms of skin response to UV radiation via ECS
The cross-talk between electrophiles, antioxidant defence and the endocannabinoid system in fibroblasts and keratinocytes after UVA and UVB irradiation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26674123
2016: Insults of the skin by the mustard vesicants induce a host of responses from the ECS
Mustard vesicants alter expression of the endocannabinoid system in mouse skin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4947375/
2016: In keratinocytes, anandamide inhibits the proinflammatory T Cells via CB1
Anandamide Suppresses Proinflammatory T Cell Responses In Vitro through Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor-Mediated mTOR Inhibition in Human Keratinocytes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27694494
2016: In keratinocytes, CB2 activation causes a β-Endorphin release that lessens pain transmission
Signaling Mechanism of Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Activation-Induced β-Endorphin Release
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108183
2015: The common cannabis terpene β-caryophyllene inhibits melanogenesis
Inhibition of melanogenesis by β-caryophyllene from lime mint essential oil in mouse B16 melanoma cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25819153
2014: CBD’s effects on sebocytes – potential as an acne treatment
Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and antiinflammatory effects on human sebocytes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061872
2014: TRP channels and cannabinoid receptors in skin homeostasis
TRP channel cannabinoid receptors in skin sensation, homeostasis, and inflammation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24915599
2013: The pain relief caused by platelets is mediated, at least in part, by the endocannabinoids
Platelet-rich plasma exerts antinociceptive activity by a peripheral endocannabinoid-related mechanism
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23578218
2013: In human skin cells, CBD & CBG repressed transcription of genes related to cell proliferation & differentiation – CBD via CB1 & CBG by neither CB1 or CB2
Epigenetic control of skin differentiation genes by phytocannabinoids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869687
2013: A new way to control human keratin found: CB1 activations causes less keratins K6 & K16
A novel control of human keratin expression: Cannabinoid receptor 1-mediated signaling down-regulates the expression of keratins K6 and K16 in human keratinocytes in vitro and in situ
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23638377
2013: In keratinocytes, the common terpene β-caryophyllene activates CB2 & release the endogenous opioid β-endorphin
Involvement of peripheral cannabinoid and opioid receptors in β-caryophyllene-induced antinociception
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23138934
2013: Endocannabinoids inhibit mast cell activation and maturation via CB1 – could be relevant for nasal delivery in allergic diseases
Cannabinoid receptor 1 controls human mucosal-type mast cell degranulation and maturation in situ
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23453134
2013: In rodents, transdermal CBD protected against alcohol’s neurodegeneration
Transdermal delivery of cannabidiol attenuates binge alcohol-induced neurodegeneration in a rodent model of an alcohol use disorder
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24012796
2012: Endocannabinoids tightly regulate the skin & CB1 activation is promising for allergy skin diseases and other mast cell-dependent skin diseases
Endocannabinoids limit excessive mast cell maturation and activation in human skin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226549
2012: Cannabinoid receptors involved in regulating skin permeability & differentiation
Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 oppositely regulate epidermal permeability barrier status and differentiation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22897575
2012: How endocannabinoids activate melanocytes to produce melanin pigment via CB1
Endocannabinoids stimulate human melanogenesis via type-1 cannabinoid receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431736
2012: How the endocannabinoids regulate the sweat gland cells
Endocannabinoids regulate growth and survival of human eccrine sweat gland-derived epithelial cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22513781
2011: In mast cells, endocannabinoids inhibit the release of nerve growth factors (thus causing less angiogenesis of mast cells and less inflammation)
Endocannabinoids inhibit release of nerve growth factor by inflammation-activated mast cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601562
2011: When the skin is insulted by UV light, cannabinoid receptors play a role in mediating the damaging response
Inhibition of basal and ultraviolet B-induced melanogenesis by cannabinoid CB(1) receptors: A keratinocyte-dependent effect
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21298280
2010: AEA causes nocifensive behaviors via activation of TRPV1 receptors
Excitation of cutaneous C nociceptors by intraplantar administration of anandamide
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749687/
2010: Detailed comparison of important cannabinoids & their varin cousins in topical applications
Comparative topical anti-inflammatory activity of cannabinoids and cannabivarins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20450962
2010: In mast cells, PEA caused an inhibition of histamine, PGD2 & TNFalpha release
Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on immunologically induced histamine, PGD2 and TNFalpha release from canine skin mast cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625089
2009: Maccarrone on the accumulating evidence for AEA controlling epidermal differentiation (or cornification)
Regulation of gene transcription and keratinocyte differentiation by anandamide
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647122
2009: TRPV1 regulates sebocytes – and how AEA affects it
Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 signaling as a regulator of human sebocyte biology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769453
2009: AEA acts via vanilloid receptors for vasodilation
Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10440374
2008: How AEA regulates keratinocytes via DNA methylation (ie. by using genetic transcription control)
Anandamide regulates keratinocyte differentiation by inducing DNA methylation in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18165231
2006: “Cannabinoids inhibit AANAT activity and attenuate melatonin biosynthesis through intracellular actions without involvement of classical cannabinoid receptor-dependent signaling cascades”
Cannabinoids attenuate norepinephrine-induced melatonin biosynthesis in the rat pineal gland by reducing arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity without involvement of cannabinoid receptors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16805813
2005: In mast cells, how CB1 causes antiinflammation via cAMP elevation
Anti-inflammatory potential of CB1-mediated cAMP elevation in mast cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15669919
2005: Release of opiods via CB2 receptor suggests the cannabinoid receptors might act as cutaneous nociceptors (pain relief response in the skin)
CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulating peripheral release of endogenous opioids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705714
2005: Fascinating work on the purported anandamide transporter shows that in keratinocytes, the transport & breakdown of anandamide occur in different places
Confocal microscopy and biochemical analysis reveal spatial and functional separation between anandamide uptake and hydrolysis in human keratinocytes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15723173
2005: Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in human skin
Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15927811
2004: Transdermal delivery rates of THC8, CBN, and CBD
Human skin permeation of Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15025853
1995: In mast cells, the CB2 receptor reacts in different ways to AEA & PEA
Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7724569