Mental
Health
Best reviews
2021: This expert panel of Colombian psychiatrists suggested CBD for the treatment of the major mental disorders
Colombian consensus of treatment with pure cannabidiol (CBD) in Psychiatry
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr381442
2021: This in-depth review looks at targeting the endocannabinoid system for serious mental health disorders
The Endocannabinoidome in Neuropsychiatry: Opportunities and Potential Risks
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34119623/
2021: A review of the endocannabinoid system as a guardian of mental health
Endocannabinoid system in trauma and psychosis: distant guardian of mental stability
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33656307/
2021: In this review of aggression, they find that activating the CB1 receptor helps suppress impulsive aggression
Regulation of stress-provoked aggressive behavior using endocannabinoids
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235228952100045X
2021: This meta-review of clinical trials looks at CBD's reducing psychotic symptoms of THC as well as effects on schizophrenia & cannabis addiction (10 trials)
Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Psychotic Symptoms, Schizophrenia, and Cannabis Use Disorders: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/6/1303/htm
2020: A review of essential oils & the ECS
A Systematic Review of Essential Oils and the Endocannabinoid System: A Connection Worthy of Further Exploration
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32508955/
2020: A review suggesting targeting the ECS for treating Borderline Personality Disorder
Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Borderline Personality Disorder
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32351183
2020: A review looking at how THC & CBD affect the recognition of emotions in facial expressions
The effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the recognition of emotions in facial expressions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32745478/
2020: A review of CBD during neurodevelopment for schizophrenia & autism
Is Cannabidiol During Neurodevelopment a Promising Therapy for Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33613289/
2020: A review of why CBD & fish oil can be helpful for mental health via their effects on the PPAR receptors (nuclear receptors that control genetic transcription)
Functional interactions between cannabinoids, omega-3 fatty acids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Implications for mental health pharmacotherapies
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33108021/
2020: CBD & suicidality
Suicidality and Cannabidiol: Opportunities and Challenges
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33059579/
2020: A review of CBD for mental health
The Impact of Cannabidiol on Psychiatric and Medical Conditions
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32655732/
2020: The ECS as biomarkers for mental health
Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197485/
2020: A review of mental disorders & the cannabinoids
Cannabinoids and their therapeutic applications in mental disorders
https://www.dialogues-cns.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-271.pdf
2020: A review of the importance of synapses in mental disorders & how cannabinoids can help
Cannabis points to the synaptic pathology of mental disorders: how aberrant synaptic components disrupt the highest psychological functions
https://www.dialogues-cns.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-251.pdf
2020: Di Marzo on the ECS & how its healing of the guts can lead to healing of the mind
The endocannabinoidome as a substrate for noneuphoric phytocannabinoid action and gut microbiome dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders
https://www.dialogues-cns.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-259.pdf
2020: Review of what we know about how the ECS is disordered in psychotic and mood disorders
Endocannabinoid system in psychotic and mood disorders: A review of human studies
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32898588/
2020: A review of CBD for mental health
The therapeutic role of Cannabidiol in mental health: a systematic review
https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-019-0012-y
2020: A review of the studies of CBD and schizophrenia
Cannabidiol as a treatment option for schizophrenia: recent evidence and current studies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32073423
2019: A review of the ECS & bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder and the endocannabinoid system
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31159897
2019: A review of the ECS & OCD: charts of circuits & CB1 distribution
The Endocannabinoid System: A New Treatment Target for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32656342/
2019: A review of the clinical studies of CBD for psychosis & addiction
The Potential of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Psychosis and Addiction: Who Benefits Most? A Systematic Review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31330972
2019: A review of CBD & psychosis
Cannabidiol as a potential treatment for psychosis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31741731
2019: A review of PET scans of ECS signaling in psychiatric disorders
Endocannabinoid signaling in psychiatric disorders: a review of positron emission tomography studies
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30166624/
2019: CBD in psychiatry
Cannabidiol (CBD) use in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31412258
2019: A review finds cannabis terpenes and terpenoids "may be an important potential source for new medications for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders."
The “Entourage Effect”: Terpenes Coupled with Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324885/
2019: A review about CBD and psychiatric conditions
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence Supporting Use of Cannabidiol in Psychiatry
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31558911/
2019: A review of CBD and psychiatric disorders
Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of pre-clinical and clinical findings
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31601406
2019: CBD and psychiatry
Cannabidiol: Recent advances and new insights for neuropsychiatric disorders treatment
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30910646
2018: Pharmacology of CBD and psychiatry
Pharmacological properties of cannabidiol in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a critical overview
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29789034
2018: A review of glial cells & the cannabinoids in schizophrenia
Cannabinoids and glial cells: possible mechanism to understand schizophrenia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29392440
2018: CBD & recent-onset psychosis
The Potential of Cannabidiol Treatment for Cannabis Users With Recent-Onset Psychosis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083450
2017: CBD & cognitive function with relevance to schizophrenia
A systematic review of the effect of cannabidiol on cognitive function: Relevance to schizophrenia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884751
2017: The effects of the ECS on emotions, consciousness and dreams
The Endocannabinoid System Modulating Levels of Consciousness, Emotions and Likely Dream Contents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240187
2017: Mechanisms of CBD for psychiatry
Plastic and Neuroprotective Mechanisms Involved in the Therapeutic Effects of Cannabidiol in Psychiatric Disorders
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588483/
2016: CBD and motivational disorders
Beyond the CB1 Receptor: Is Cannabidiol the Answer for Disorders of Motivation?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27023732
2013: Mechoulam on how the huge swathe of FAAHs may be key to personality
The endocannabinoid system and the brain
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22804774
2012: Mechanisms of CBD for mental disorders
Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23108553/
2009: The ECS & emotional homeostasis
Functional role of the endocannabinoid system in emotional homeostasis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19145562/
Timeline of Research
2021: In mice, the link between gut microbiome & mental health is mediated by the endocannabinoid system
Effect of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors in mice is mediated by the endocannabinoid system
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19931-2
2021: In humans, this cohort analysis found that the diversity of your gut microbiome was related to your happiness & motivation via the endocannabinoid system, especially via PEA (an endocannabinoid)
Endocannabinoid system mediates the association between gut-microbial diversity and anhedonia/amotivation in a general population cohort
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34002020/
2021: In humans, a trial of the effect of CBD & THC on emotions, cognition & attention
Effects of Cannabidiol and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Emotion, Cognition, and Attention: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Experimental Trial in Healthy Volunteers
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33304282/
2020: In patients with borderline personality disorder, they tended to have more FAAH enzyme in their prefrontal cortex
Elevated Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in the Prefrontal Cortex of Borderline Personality Disorder: A [ 11 C]CURB Positron Emission Tomography Study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32521537/
2020: In humans with OCD, THC & CBD did not lower the tics but they did lessen anxiety (12 participants in a randomized, placebo-controlled, human laboratory study)
Acute effects of cannabinoids on symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A human laboratory study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32383271/
2020: In humans, yoga & meditation are good for your ECS
Inner Engineering Practices and Advanced 4-day Isha Yoga Retreat Are Associated with Cannabimimetic Effects with Increased Endocannabinoids and Short-Term and Sustained Improvement in Mental Health: A Prospective Observational Study of Meditators
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293737/
2020: In prairie voles (a model organism of sociality), increasing anandamide levels caused female prairie voles to spend more time with males, both friends & strangers
Effects of systemic endocannabinoid manipulation on social and exploratory behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33130926/
2020: In humans who attempt suicide, they have higher serum levels of AEA & PEA than similar cases in psychiatric care
Serum endocannabinoid levels in suicide attempters: A pilot study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32994115/
2020: In rats separated from their mothers & then isolated in adolescence, the dopamine & endocannabinoid systems of their brains were rewired & increased their tendency to alcoholism
Maternal separation plus social isolation during adolescence reprogram brain dopamine and endocannabinoid systems and facilitate alcohol intake in rats
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32784005/
2020: In mice, sociability is partially regulated by the ECS in the amygdala
An endocannabinoid-regulated basolateral amygdala-nucleus accumbens circuit modulates sociability
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31874107/
2020: In the brain regions related to social attachment in voles, the density of CB1 receptors were higher in the monogamous prairie voles than in the promiscuous meadow voles
Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Densities Reflect Social Organization in Microtus
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cne.24996
2020: In rats, the relationship of the CB1 receptor to memory formation
Effect of the Endocannabinoid System in Memory Updating and Forgetting
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32739508/
2020: In rat brains, the ECS contributes to long-term depression (the downregulation of neural signals)
Endocannabinoid receptors contribute significantly to multiple forms of long-term depression in the rat dentate gyrus
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32817304/
2020: From slices of rat brain, they found how the ECS controls the synapses involved in memory formation
Temporal Gating of Synaptic Competition in the Amygdala by Cannabinoid Receptor Activation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32163129/
2020: In mice, the activation of CB1 during exercise helps to enhance learning & memory via glutamate, BDNF and an increased number of dendrites
The endocannabinoid system regulates the moderate exercise-induced enhancement of learning and memory in mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31974335/
2020: In tissue samples, we learn how 2-AG helps to regulate the brain plasticity via the dopamine pathway
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and D1 dopamine receptors regulate diacylglycerol lipase-α and synaptic 2-arachidonoyl glycerol signaling
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31985073
2020: In rats addicted to meth, CBD protected from the memory loss of the drug
Neuroprotective effect of chronic administration of cannabidiol during the abstinence period on methamphetamine-induced impairment of recognition memory in the rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32032100
2020: In mice, exercise enhances learning & memory via the ECS's effect on glutamate & BDNF (a brain growth factor)
Exercise enhances learning and memory: the role of endogenous cannabinoid system
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974335
2020: In rat brains, the interplay of GABA and cannabinoids mediate the amnesia effects of morphine
GABA-cannabinoid interplays in the dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala mediate morphine-induced amnesia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31981675
2020: In rats, CBD helps protects against the cognitive impairment of ketamine
Cannabidiol Improves Cognitive Impairment and Reverses Cortical Transcriptional Changes Induced by Ketamine, in Schizophrenia-Like Model in Rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31823199
2020: In rats, how running on a treadmill repairs memory impairment via the ECS
Treadmill exercise improves LPS-induced memory impairments via endocannabinoid receptors and cyclooxygenase enzymes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31863846/
2019: In mice, CBD caused no detrimental effects on memory, motor performance or anxiety
Prolonged Cannabidiol Treatment Lacks on Detrimental Effects on Memory, Motor Performance and Anxiety in C57BL/6J Mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31133833/
2019: In stressed rats, CB1 modulates the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the memory
Cannabinoid receptor type 1 modulates the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on memory of stressed rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31637966
2019: In songbirds, CBD helps their recovery of singing abilities after a brain injury
Cannabidiol improves vocal learning-dependent recovery from, and reduces magnitude of deficits following, damage to a cortical-like brain region in a songbird pre-clinical animal model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31325430/
2019: In aged mice, CB2 activation by β-caryophyllene (the most common terpene in cannabis) improves memory
The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, improves working memory and reduces circulating levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines in aged male mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31173795
2019: In mice, memory deficits from chronic CB1 activation is prevented by a blocker of adenosine
Memory deficits induced by chronic cannabinoid exposure are prevented by adenosine A 2A R receptor antagonism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31103616/
2017: In humans, CBD does not dampen emotional responses
Cannabidiol Does Not Dampen Responses to Emotional Stimuli in Healthy Adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28861510
2016: In mice, CB1 helps to regulate habit formation
Endocannabinoid Modulation of Orbitostriatal Circuits Gates Habit Formation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27238866/
2016: In rats, anandamide mediates optimistic judgements
Anandamide mediates cognitive judgement bias in rats
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26363193/
2015: In rodents, blocking MAGL and raising 2AG inhibits learning and memory – but produces painkilling effects
Selective blockade of the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol impairs learning and memory performance while producing antinociceptive activity in rodents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25560837
2015: in humans, THC impairs the recognition of facial emotions while combining THC with CBD caused no impairment
Acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and their combination on facial emotion recognition: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cannabis users
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25534187
2014: In mice with induced OCD, CBD decreased marble-burying behavior
Cannabidiol reverses the mCPP-induced increase in marble-burying behavior
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24118015/
2013: In stressed rats, cannabinoids help prevents the harms to plasticity and short-term memory
Cannabinoids ameliorate impairments induced by chronic stress to synaptic plasticity and short-term memory
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23426383/
2013: In monkeys, CBD protects from deficits of THC on memory, learning and motor skills
Cannabidiol attenuates deficits of visuospatial associative memory induced by Δ(9) tetrahydrocannabinol
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23550724
2012: In rats, a single dose of CBD rescued the memory after impairment from an iron overload
Memory-rescuing effects of cannabidiol in an animal model of cognitive impairment relevant to neurodegenerative disorders
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870037
2012: In rats & mice, a look at the effects of CBD & other cannabinoids on OCD
Plasma and brain pharmacokinetic profile of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarine (CBDV), Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabigerol (CBG) in rats and mice following oral and intraperitoneal administration and CBD action on obsessive-compulsive behaviour.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796370
2010: In mice, CBD causes less OCD behavior via the CB1 receptor
Cannabidiol inhibitory effect on marble-burying behaviour: involvement of CB1 receptors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20695034
2010: in two patients, high levels of CBD for ~30 days was well tolerated but not effective for their bipolar disorder
Cannabidiol was ineffective for manic episode of bipolar affective disorder
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801823
2010: In humans, CBD protected from the amnesia effects of THC
Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study: naturalistic study [corrected]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20884951/
2010: comment
Does cannabidiol protect against the negative effects of THC?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20884945/
2010: In testing of human cannabis smokers, CBD seemed to attenuate memory deficits caused by THC
Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20884951
2009: Brain scans of the effects from THC & CBD
Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activation during emotional processing
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19124693/
2006: In mice, CBD extracts did not reverse memory deficits caused by cholinergic (scopolamine) or glutamatergic (MK801) insults
Scopolamine and MK801-induced working memory deficits in rats are not reversed by CBD-rich cannabis extracts
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16406104/
2004: In rats, THC extracts caused problems for spatial working/short-term memory but CBD extracts did not
Differential effects of THC- or CBD-rich cannabis extracts on working memory in rats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567426