Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
Clinical research
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2025: In people with frontotemporal dementia, the combination of PEA & luteoline showed less cognitive & functional decline
Phase 2 study of palmitoylethanolamide combined with luteoline in frontotemporal dementia patients
https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/article/7/2/fcaf080/8052642
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2024: In people with dementia causing aggression & agitation, THC edibles improved their neuropsychiatric symptoms with notably few adverse reactions (and reductions or discontinuations of antipsychotic medications)
“From Stigma to Solution” – Using THC Edibles for the Palliative Treatment of Aggression and Agitation in Dementia
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0885392424003063
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2024: In people with Alzheimer's disease, 3 months of CBD oil reduced their neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as caregiver distress
Treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease with a cannabis-based magistral formulation: An open-label prospective cohort study
https://karger.com/mca/article-pdf/doi/10.1159/000541364/4277119/000541364.pdf
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2024: In people with Alzheimer's disease, a double-blind placebo trial of CBD improved their behavioral symptoms
Cannabidiol for behavior symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (CANBiS-AD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38584388/
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2024: In people with Alzheimer's disease, a high-CBD/low-THC oil lowered anxiety & agitation symptoms
Caring for Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia (CBD): A New Investigation into Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Anxiety and Agitation in Alzheimer's Dementia
https://www.ajgponline.org/article/S1064-7481(24)00183-0/abstract
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2024: In dementia patients, six months of 3% CBD solution improved all of their neurological measurements & the researchers suggested it as a more effective & safe choice than the typical intervention
The Effect of Cannabidiol 3% on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia - Six-Month Follow-Up
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37153956/
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2024: In a case study of early onset Alzheimer's dementia, nabilone (a synthetic pharmaceutical cannabinoid that activates the CB1 receptor) improved sleep, quality of life, engagement & communication with family as well as decreased aggressive incidents & caregiver distress
Nabilone as Part of the Holistic Treatment in Early Onset Alzheimer’s Dementia: A Case Study
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2023: In a double-blind trial of people living with dementia, a 3:2 THC:CBD medicine was safe & well tolerated with a decrease in agitation & an increase in sleep
Examining the use of cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-based medicine among individuals diagnosed with dementia living within residential aged care facilities: Results of a double-blind randomised crossover trial
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37321847/
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2023: For dementia, THC from the dispensary improved symptoms for 80% of patients including agitation, aggression, irritability, lability, anxiety & insomnia as well as allowing half of them taking antipsychotics to lower or discontinue those medications
The Use of Dispensary-Obtained Tetrahydrocannabinol as a Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37728481/
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2023: In dementia patients, on cannabis reducing restlessness
Cannabis dämpft die Unruhe bei Demenz [Cannabis reduces restlessness in dementia]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37537470/
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2022: In a case series of dementia patients, 15 days of CBD improved their symptoms
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia. The Added Value of Cannabinoids. Are they a Safe and Effective Choice? Case Series with Cannabidiol 3%
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359424583_Neuropsychiatric_Symptoms_in_Dementia_The_Added_Value_of_Cannabinoids_Are_they_a_Safe_and_Effective_Choice_Case_Series_with_Cannabidiol_3
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2022: In Alzheimer’s patients, 12 weeks of THC:CBD extract reduced agitation, apathy, irritability, sleep disturbances, eating disturbances, cognitive impairments & aggressive behaviors, leading to less caregiver distress
Oral Thc: Cbd Cannabis Extract in Main Symptoms of Alzheimer Disease: Agitation and Weight Loss
https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1672277/v1/4a190d8f-58a7-4c82-8e6f-86a9708493a9.pdf
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2022: In dementia patients, a cannabis oil with 30% CBD & 1% THC helped with agitation & aggression
Effects of Broad Spectrum Cannabidiol Oil on Behavioral Disturbances in Patients with Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1521853/v1/269f459b-f15e-4535-84b5-c7b5878bc351.pdf?c=1649435492
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2022: In a patient with mild Alzheimer’s, microdosing of cannabis improved memory
Cannabinoid extract in microdoses ameliorates mnemonic and nonmnemonic Alzheimer's disease symptoms: a case report
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35820856
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2022: In patients with Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, they had higher levels of endocannabinoids as well as small brain volumes in the regions associated with smell & taste
Possible role of endocannabinoids in olfactory and taste dysfunctions in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients and volumetric changes in the brain
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35398594/
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2022: In a survey of Polish caregivers for dementia patients, they thought CBD oil safer & more effective than conventional methods
CBD Oil as a Miracle Drug: A Thematic Analysis of Caregivers’ Attitudes and Practices Towards Cannabidiol in Dementia Treatment
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00220426221145019
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2022: In patients with dementia, this placebo-controlled trial showed that CBD oil reduced agitation with no serious side effects
Effects of rich cannabidiol oil on behavioral disturbances in patients with dementia: A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36148467
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2022: THC/CBD oil for dementia patients
Cannabinoids for behavioral symptoms in severe dementia: Safety and feasibility in a long-term pilot observational study in nineteen patients
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36247984
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2021: In humans, the endocannabinoid levels in the blood might be useful biomarkers for dementia & Alzheimer’s patients
Alterations of plasma endocannabinoid levels in MCI and dementia patients
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2020: In a patient with advanced Alzheimer's, low levels of THC (dronabinol) allowed her to drop 3 out of her 6 medications while improving emotional state and lessening aggression
Cannabinoid as Beneficial Replacement Therapy for Psychotropics to Treat Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Severe Alzheimer's Dementia: A Clinical Case Report
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32477187/
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2019: In humans with Alzheimer’s, nabilone (THC) improved agitation (39 patients in randomized double-blind crossover trial)
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Nabilone for Agitation in Alzheimer's Disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31182351
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2019: In humans, a pilot study in Geneva shows CBD/THC combo helps dementia patients (10 patients in a prospective observational study)
A pilot study in Geneva shows CBD/THC combo helps dementia patients
https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/498924
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2017: In humans with dementia, low levels of THC seem to be safe for balance and gait
Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on balance and gait in patients with dementia: A randomised controlled crossover trial
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27624148
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2008: In humans with dementia, nabilone helps with agitation
The cannabinoid receptor agonist nabilone for the treatment of dementia-related agitation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18081000
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2006: In humans with severe dementia, THC helped for agitation at night (6 patients in an open-label pilot study)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for nighttime agitation in severe dementia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16521031
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1997: In humans with AD, dronabinol helped with anorexia & disturbance (15 patients in a placebo-controlled crossover design)
Effects of dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Chart gallery
2024 A systematic study of molecular targets of cannabidiol in Alzheimer’s disease
2024 A systematic study of molecular targets of cannabidiol in Alzheimer’s disease
2016: CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor As Potential Target against Alzheimer's Disease
2024 A systematic study of molecular targets of cannabidiol in Alzheimer’s disease
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2025: For Alzheimer's disease, a review of using the cannabinoids (with rather huge tables of all the studies as well as all of the plant’s cannabinoid & non-cannabinoid compounds)
Exploring the Diversity of Cannabis Cannabinoid and Non-Cannabinoid Compounds and Their Roles in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124001192
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2024: For Alzheimer's disease, a review of the neuroprotective effects of the cannabinoids (in-depth chart)
A Comprehensive Exploration of the Multifaceted Neuroprotective Role of Cannabinoids in Alzheimer's Disease across a Decade of Research
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39201317/
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2024: For Alzheimer's disease, a positive review of 37 studies on the use of cannabinoids
DELVE INTO THE SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF PHYTOCANNABINOIDS, EMPHASIZING THEIR POTENTIAL AS THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVES FOR NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS, INCLUDING ALZHEIMER
https://www.jptcp.com/index.php/jptcp/article/view/4691
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2024: In Alzheimer's disease, a review of 22 studies on how CBD disrupts the formation of the Aβ plaques, reduced the release of pro-inflammatory molecules, prevented the formation of reactive oxygen species, inhibited oxidation of lipids & protected the neurons from apoptosis (programmed cellular suicide) (nice charts)
A systematic study of molecular targets of cannabidiol in Alzheimer’s disease
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/25424823241284464
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2024: For Alzheimer's disease, a review of CBD helping via the reduction of oxidative stress & neuroinflammation
Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation by Cannabidiol (CBD): Promising Targets for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38785534/
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2024: For Alzheimer's disease & aging, a review of CBD treatment
Alzheimer's disease, aging, and cannabidiol treatment: a promising path to promote brain health and delay aging
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38227160/
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2024: For Alzheimer's, a review of using CBD
EFFICACY OF CANNABIDIOL (CBD) IN THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF EVIDENCE AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
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2024: A review of cannabinoids for dementia symptoms
Cannabinoids for Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia: An Overview
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38447959/
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2024: For Alzheimer's & dementia, a review of 14 articles using CBD (Portuguese)
Estado da arte relacionado ao uso do canabidiol no tratamento e prevenção do mal de Alzheimer
https://ojs.revistacontribuciones.com/ojs/index.php/clcs/article/view/9216
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2024: For Alzheimer's disease, a review of endocannabinoid targets to modulate the disease (good charts)
Potential Therapeutic Targets to Modulate the Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38612861/
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2024: In Alzheimer's disease, a review of how the endocannabinoid system gets altered
Endocannabinoid system alterations in Alzheimer's disease: A mini-review
https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2024-1814.pdf
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2024: For Alzheimer’s disease, a review of the research on the interplay between the cannabinoid system & orexin system (a regulator of arousal, wakefulness, energy homeostasis, appetite, cognition & mood whose neurons are sometimes referred to as “multi-tasking” neurons)
Cannabinoid and Orexigenic Systems Interplay as a New Focus of Research in Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38791416/
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2023: A review of the biochemical evidence on why it makes sense to use cannabinoids for Alzheimer's disease
Potential Therapeutic Role of Cannabinoid System in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
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2023: In Alzheimer's disease, a review of how the cannabinoid receptors interact with the microglia (guardian immune cells of the brain)
The Interplay between Cannabinoid Receptors and Microglia in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38068253/
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2023: For the cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease, the role of the endocannabinoid system in the brain’s astrocytes (key support cells that make up the majority of cells in the CNS)
Interplay Between Astroglial Endocannabinoid System and the Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38015757/
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2022: This review of 25 clinical studies of cannabinoids for neurodegenerative disorders finds that CBD helps with the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s & Huntington’s disease & that synthetic cannabinoids like dronabinol helped with the dementia of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s & Huntington’s
Cannabinoids in the management of behavioral, psychological, and motor symptoms of neurocognitive disorders: a mixed studies systematic review
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35287749/
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2022: An overview of the studies on using CBD to treat Alzheimer’s disease
Cannabidiol in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease – a comprehensive overview of in vitro and in vivo studies
https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/39922
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2022: A review of using cannabinoids for treating dementia
Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia: summary of a Cochrane review
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35778327
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2022: A review of studies on cannabis for palliative end-of-life care found, they found positive treatment effects for “pain, nausea and vomiting, appetite, sleep, fatigue, chemosensory perception and paraneoplastic night sweats in patients with cancer, appetite and agitation in patients with dementia and appetite, nausea and vomiting in patients with AIDS”
Cannabis in palliative care: a systematic review of current evidence
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35705116
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2022: A review suggests exploring the cannabinoids & psychedelics for the symptoms of Alzheimer’s
Cannabinoids and Psychedelics for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's: Addressing Disparities Through Clinical Trials
https://www.ajgponline.org/article/S1064-7481(22)00280-9/pdf
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2021: This review of circadian rhythm dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease suggests endocannabinoids as a target for decelerating the progress of the disease
Orchestration of the circadian clock and its association with Alzheimer's disease: role of endocannabinoid signaling
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34844016/
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​2021: This review looks at using PEA to treat cognitive dysfunction syndrome in pets (a model of Alzheimer’s)
Successful and Unsuccessful Brain Aging in Pets: Pathophysiological Mechanisms behind Clinical Signs and Potential Benefits from Palmitoylethanolamide Nutritional Intervention
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2584
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2021: This review looks at how the endocannabinoid system forms a bridge between Alzheimer’s disease & the gut microbiome
The Endocannabinoid System: A Bridge between Alzheimer’s Disease and Gut Microbiota
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/9/934
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2021: This review suggests the cannabinoids as uniquely suited to treating the dysfunctions of Alzheimer’s disease
The therapeutic benefits of natural cannabinoids in delaying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/15418
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2020: The endocannabinoids interact with the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (on which Aminatas mushrooms work) and this might be helpful Alzheimer's
Crosstalk between the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the endocannabinoid system: A relevance for Alzheimer's disease?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31978506
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Best reviews
Timeline of Research
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2025: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the chronic use of PEA reduced neural inflammation, improved cognitive function, restored dendritic spine density & reduced astrogliosis (an abnormal increase in the number of astrocytes, the most predominant brain support cell)
Chronic palmitoylethanolamide administration via slow-release subcutaneous pellets promotes neuroprotection and mitigates neuroinflammation in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1571428/abstract
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2025: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, six weeks of THC improved spatial reference & object recognition memory, reduced Aβ plaques in the hippocampus & cortex & modulated neurogenesis, inflammation & glucose metabolism [German]
Das therapeutische Potential von niedrig dosiertem Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol bei der Modulation der Alzheimer-Pathologie im 5xFAD-Mausmodell
[The therapeutic potential of low-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in modulating Alzheimer's pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model]
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0045-1807312
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2025: In brain cells, CBD increased tau protein degradation (related to Alzheimer's disease) via increased autophagy (cellular recycling)
Cannabidiol-Induced Autophagy Ameliorates Tau Protein Clearance
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12640-025-00729-3
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2025: In a mouse model of the neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease, on how CBD modulates the IDO & cGAS‑STING pathways
Rethinking Alzheimer’s: Harnessing Cannabidiol to Modulate IDO and cGAS Pathways for Neuroinflammation Control
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641791v1.abstract
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2025: In a tissue model of Alzheimer's disease, CBN caused neuroprotection via genetic regulation of mRNA splicing
Cannabinerol Restores mRNA Splicing Defects Induced by β-Amyloid in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Transcriptomic Study
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3113
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2025: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD lowered cognitive decline via glycine receptors in the hippocampus
Cannabidiol ameliorates cognitive decline in 5×FAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease through potentiating the function of extrasynaptic glycine receptors
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39396064/
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2024: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the long-term administration of PEA prevented cognitive impairment, preserved motivation & lowered neuroinflammation
Long-term administration of ultra-micronized PEA alters disease progression in the Tg2576 mice and reveals neuroprotective effects on behavior, brain morphology and biochemistry.
https://iris.uniroma1.it/handle/11573/1724714
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2024: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD improved cognitive function via the microbiome & gut-brain axis
Cannabidiol improves the cognitive function of SAMP8 AD model mice involving the microbiota-gut-brain axis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38590254/
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2024: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD protected the neurons of the hippocampus (memory center of the brain) from the amyloid plaques
Cannabidiol protects mouse hippocampal neurons from neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β-peptide25-35
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38901785/
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2024: In a rat model of Alzheimer's disease, THC lessened spatial memory impairments
Delta9‑tetrahydrocannabinol protects from spatial memory impairments in a streptozotocin‑induced inflammation model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats
https://repozytorium.bg.ug.edu.pl/info/report/UOG335f8a0a968e4bafa7ac67c782fc4a8d/
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2024: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, a combination of THC & CBD restored the balance of glutamate (most common excitatory neurotransmitter) in the hippocampus (memory center of the brain)
A combination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol modulates glutamate dynamics in the hippocampus of an animal model of Alzheimer's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39232876/
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2024: In a rat model of Alzheimer's disease, THC lowered cognitive deficits, perhaps by its ability to increase neurogenesis (the creation of new brain cells)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Ameliorates D-galactose/ Aluminium Chloride-Induced Alzheimer’s-Like Cognitive Deficit in Rats via Neurogenesis in their Hippocampus
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378247080_Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol_Ameliorates_D-galactose_Aluminium_Chloride-Induced_Alzheimer's-Like_Cognitive_Deficit_in_Rats_via_Neurogenesis_in_their_Hippocampus
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2024: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD boosted acetylcholine signaling, improved cognitive function & reduced senile plaques
Boosting Acetylcholine Signaling by Cannabidiol in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39519315/
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2024: In a model of Alzheimer's disease, CBN prevented dysfunctions of the mitochondria & endoplasmic reticulum (protein transportation & folding center)
Cannabinerol Prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Dysfunctions in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Network-Based Transcriptomic Analysis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38920643/
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2024: In neurons, CBC, CBG & CBN inhibited neurotoxicity from the beta amyloid plaques of Alzheimer’s
The structurally diverse phytocannabinoids cannabichromene, cannabigerol and cannabinol significantly inhibit amyloid β-evoked neurotoxicity and changes in cell morphology in PC12 cells
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37697481/
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2024: In a rat model of Alzheimer's disease, both CBD & CBG enhanced their learning & memory functions & reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines
Cannabidiol and cannabigerol effect on cognitive deficit induced by intracerebroventricular administration of amyloid beta 42 in experimental Alzheimer's disease model
https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789/65144/1/IJEB%20Vol.%2062%2812%29%20937-948.pdf
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2024: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the combination of THC & CBD (but not when either of them was alone) reduced extracellular glutamate levels & the excitability of the hippocampus, suggesting their utility against the excitotoxicity of the condition
A combination of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol modulates glutamate dynamics in the hippocampus of an animal model of Alzheimer's disease
https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/216359/1/867454.pdf
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2024: In a rat model of Alzheimer's disease, combining CBD with high-intensity exercise improved cognitive impairment
High-intensity interval training combined with cannabidiol supplementation improves cognitive impairment by regulating the expression of apolipoprotein E, presenilin-1, and glutamate proteins in a rat model of amyloid β-induced Alzheimer’s disease
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_24768.html
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2024: In a model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD modulated the level of potassium channels
MiRNA Regulation of Cerebrovascular Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels During Onset of Alzheimer Disease: Role of Cholesterol and Cannabidiol Treatment
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/physiol.2024.39.S1.2131
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2024: In a mouse & neural tissue model of Alzheimer's disease, this thesis project looked at the protective effects of THC & CBD
Elucidating the Cytoprotective Effects of the Phytocannabinoids, Cannabidiol and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and the Role of Epigenetics in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
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2024: In a tissue model of Alzheimer's disease, a CBD nanoparticle with the BDNF gene (a key brain growth factor) caused anti-inflammatory effects
Penetratin and Mannose-Functionalized Cannabidiol Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating the BDNF Gene Reduce Amyloid-Induced Inflammation
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00811
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2024: For Alzheimer's disease, treatment with nanoparticles of CBD & BDNF (a key brain growth factor)
Mannose-Functionalized Chitosan-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles for Brain-Targeted Codelivery of CBD and BDNF for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39377785/
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2024: A molecular assessment of why cannabinoids make sense for treating Alzheimer's
Exploring Cannabis sativa L for Anti-Alzheimer Potential: An extensive Computational Study including Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and ADMET Assessments
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378591775_Exploring_Cannabis_sativa_L_for_Anti-Alzheimer_Potential_An_extensive_Computational_Study_including_Molecular_Docking_Molecular_Dynamics_and_ADMET_Assessments
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2024: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's, two of the pinene terpenes caused neuroprotection via lowering the amyloid plaques
Characterizing cannabis-prevalent terpenes for neuroprotection reveal a role for α and β-pinenes in mitigating amyloid β-evoked neurotoxicity and aggregation in vitro
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38070653/
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2024: In a tissue model of Alzheimer's disease, cannabis extracts caused neuroprotection & inhibition of plaque aggregation
Medicinal cannabis extracts are neuroprotective against Aβ1-42-mediated toxicity in vitro
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39243211/
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2024: For Alzheimer's disease, a meta-analysis of the endocannabinoid system
The Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer's Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39245959/
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2023: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, 30 days of high-dose CBD improved their learning, lessened memory deficits & lowered anxiety
Cannabidiol improves learning and memory deficits and alleviates anxiety in 12-month-old SAMP8 Mice
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.21.572902v1.abstract
2023: For Alzheimer's disease, an analysis of how CBD prevented & alleviated the neurodegeneration
Assessing Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Agent for Preventing and Alleviating Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067101/
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2023: A preclinical study on the bioactive compounds in cannabis oil that lower neuroinflammation of Alzheimer’s via the microglia
Identification of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Bioactive Compounds in Essential Oils and Aqueous Distillation Residues Obtained from Commercial Varieties of Cannabis sativa L
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38068924/
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2023: A computer study of CBD analogs for treating Alzheimer's disease
An In Silico Study for Expanding the Utility of Cannabidiol in Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Development
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37959001/
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2023: In Alzheimer's disease, the ability of CBD to prevent the aging of the astrocytes (important immune/support cells of the brain) seems to be mediated by parkin (a protein used by the cell for recycling old components) as well as its ability to protect the mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)
Parkin Mediates Cannabidiol Prevention of Amyloid-Beta-Induced Senescence in Human Astrocytes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36695672/
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2023: A computer modeling study of using the molecules of cannabis against Alzheimer's disease
Investigation of Cannabis sativa Phytochemicals as Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: An In Silico Study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36771595/
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2022: In a tissue model of Alzheimer's disease, anandamide & noladin ether lessened the aggregation of the amyloid β plaques
Differential Effects of Endocannabinoids on Amyloid-Beta Aggregation and Toxicity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36674424/
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer's, how the levels of CB1 receptors change on the glial cells (guardian immune cells of the brain)
Altered glial expression of the cannabinoid 1 receptor in the subiculum of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36437738
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2022: How the endocannabinoid system might be used as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease progression
Endocannabinoid System Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36394442
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, the levels of CB2 receptors increased in glial cells (guardian immune cells of the brain) which suggest CB2 as a target for neuroinflammation
Evaluation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor expression and pyridine-based radiotracers in brains from a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36248003
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s, an ultra-low dose of THC lessened cognitive impairments
An Ultra-Low Dose of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Cognitive Impairments and Modulates TrkB Receptor Expression in a 5XFAD Mouse Model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36012711
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s, inhibiting ABHD6 (an enzyme that breaks down 2-AG) lessened synaptic dysfunction & memory impairment – though not neuroinflammation & plaque levels
ABHD6 inhibition alleviates memory deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr558091
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2022: In a rat model of Alzheimer’s, they saw increased activity in the enzymes that control the levels of 2-AG
An optimized spectrophotometric assay reveals increased activity of enzymes involved in 2-arachidonoyl glycerol turnover in the cerebral cortex of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32813905
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2022: In a rat lesion model of Alzheimer’s disease, the neural insult causes upregulation of CB1 levels as well as a limited contribution from CB2
Cannabinoid Receptors and Glial Response Following a Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Lesion
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36110372
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2022: In an older mouse model of Alzheimer’s, low doses of intranasal THC for 3 months significantly slowed memory decline
The Memory Benefit to Aged APP/PS1 Mice from Long-Term Intranasal Treatment of Low-Dose THC
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35457070
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease focused on the cholinergic system (a key component of our parasympathetic nervous system), activating the CB2 receptor helped improve scores on various tests of memory
The Influence of CB2-Receptor Ligands on the Memory-Related Responses in Connection with Cholinergic Pathways in Mice in the Passive Avoidance Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35807499
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2022: In a model of Alzheimer’s disease, CBD worked on the microglial (immune) cells to improve digestion of the amyloid-β plaques via the TRPV2 receptors as well as reducing neuroinflammation & improved functioning of the mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)
Cannabidiol Enhances Microglial Beta-Amyloid Peptide Phagocytosis and Clearance via Vanilloid Family Type 2 Channel Activation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35628181
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2022: In a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, activating the CB2 receptor protected the neurons against hyperexcitation
Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Protects Rat Hippocampal Neurons against Chronic, Oligomeric A_-induced Neuronal Hyperexcitation
http://www.ijbs.org/User/ContentAbstractPage.aspx?VolumeNO=18&StartPage=14&EndPage=23&Number=1
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2022: In a tissue model of Alzheimer’s disease, PEA & luteolin (a flavonoid commonly paired with PEA) reduces neuronal inflammation & astrocyte reactivity while restoring homeostasis of the oligodendrocytes via the PPAR nuclear receptors (controllers of genetic transcription)
Co-Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin Restores Oligodendrocyte Homeostasis via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/6/1236
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, activating the CB2 receptor lowered overexcitation & protected the neurons of the hippocampus (brain’s memory area)
Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Protects Rat Hippocampal Neurons against Chronic, Oligomeric Aβ-induced Neuronal Hyperexcitation
http://www.ijbs.org/User/ContentFullText.aspx?VolumeNO=18&StartPage=14&Type=pdf
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2022: In a worm model of Alzheimer’s, CBD protected the brain via its antioxidation activities
Effect of Cannabidiol on the Neural Glyoxalase Pathway Function and Longevity of Several C. elegans Strains Including a C. elegans Alzheimer's Disease Model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35385645/
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2022: In this search for genetic underpinnings to Alzheimer’s disease, researchers found problems in endocannabinoid retrograde transmission to be a predictor of the disease
Molecular Signatures of Mitochondrial Complexes Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease via Oxidative Phosphorylation and Retrograde Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathways
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2022/9565545/
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s, activating the CB2 receptor lowered inflammatory cytokines, increased BDNF (the brain growth factor), protected the brain from damage, decreased amyloid plaques & neuronal lesions as well as improving their recognition & learning memory
Improved cognition impairment by activating cannabinoid receptor type 2: Modulating CREB/BDNF expression and impeding TLR-4/NFκBp65/M1 microglia signaling pathway in D-galactose-injected ovariectomized rats
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35349580
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2022: In a mouse model of dementia, CBD helped to maintain their spatial memory, reduce their anxiety & lessen fear-associated freezing
Cannabidiol (CBD) treatment improves spatial memory in 14-month-old female TAU58/2 transgenic mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35202719/
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2022: In a tissue model of Alzheimer’s disease, some cannabis terpenes provided neuroprotection against the toxic neurofibrillary tangles
Cannabis terpenes display variable protective and anti-aggregatory actions against neurotoxic β amyloid in vitro: highlighting the protective bioactivity of α-bisabolol in motorneuronal-like NSC-34 cells
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35278524/
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2022: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, low doses of THC decreased biomarkers of the disease
Low-Dose Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as Beneficial Treatment for Aged APP/PS1 Mice
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2757/htm
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2022: In a worm model of Alzheimer’s, CBD prevented disease progression via the scavenging of reactive oxygen species
Cannabidiol protects against Alzheimer's disease in C. elegans via ROS scavenging activity of its phenolic hydroxyl groups
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35181336/
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2022: In a tissue model of Alzheimer’s disease, CBD lowered the aggregation of the tau proteins
Cannabidiol Inhibits Tau Aggregation In Vitro
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34944028/
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2021: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, CBD coated by nano-particles reduced brain plaques, increased CB1 & CB2 levels & improved learning & memory
The Effect of Cannabidiol Coated by Nano-Chitosan on Learning and Memory, Hippocampal CB1 and CB2 Levels, and Amyloid Plaques in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34727550/
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2021: In a cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease, 9 non-psychoactive cannabinoids that helped to protect the neurons, lower inflammation, reduce oxidative damage & increase balance to the proteins & mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)
Efficacy of non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids in a novel phenotypic drug-screening platform for old age-associated neurodegeneration
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346271101_Efficacy_of_non-psychoactive_phytocannabinoids_in_a_novel_phenotypic_drug-screening_platform_for_old_age-associated_neurodegeneration
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2021: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, an analog of anandamide protected the brain via regulation of autophagy (the recycling system of the brain) via the CB1 & CB2 receptor
N-linoleyltyrosine exerts neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via cannabinoid receptor-mediated autophagy
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861321000839
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2021: In a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, activation of the CB1 receptor lessened cognitive impairment by lowering oxidative stress & enhancing neurogenesis (the creation of new brain cells)
WIN55,212-2 Attenuates Cognitive Impairments in AlCl3 + d-Galactose-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rats by Enhancing Neurogenesis and Reversing Oxidative Stress
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1270
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2021: In rats fed a high-fat diet, CBD reduced insulin resistance & decreased the tau protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Cannabidiol - A phytocannabinoid that widely affects sphingolipid metabolism under conditions of brain insulin resistance
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34435590/
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2021: In neurons of the hippocampus, activating the CB2 receptor protected them from the Aβ plaques associated with Alzheimer’s
Effects of CB2 Receptor Agonist JWH133 on Aβ42-Induced Hippocampal Neurons
https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2353
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2021: In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s, inhibiting the FAAH enzyme lowers inflammation of the microglia (brain immune cells) via several different cellular processes
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibition Modulates Amyloid-Beta-Induced Microglia Polarization
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34299330/
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2020: In mouse model of AD, CBD helped “on social recognition memory and spatial learning deficits” and Aβ40 plaque levels
Chronic Treatment with 50 mg/kg Cannabidiol Improves Cognition and Moderately Reduces Aβ40 Levels in 12-Month-Old Male AβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 Transgenic Mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116258/
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2020: In a mouse model of AD, CBD helped by enhancing the immune system response & the pathway for autophagy (regulated cell recycling & digestion of damaged or unnecessary cellular components)
Cannabidiol (CBD) enhanced the hippocampal immune response and autophagy of APP/PS1 Alzheimer's mice uncovered by RNA-seq
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33096116/
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2020: In rat brain cells, activating CB2 receptors protects from the damage of beta-amyloid peptides of Alzheimer’s
Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 protects rat hippocampal neurons against Aβ-induced neuronal toxicity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32592731/
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2020: In a cellular model of Alzheimer’s, the endocannabinoid PEA protects the neurons & increases their survival
Astrocytic palmitoylethanolamide pre-exposure exerts neuroprotective effects in astrocyte-neuron co-cultures from a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32622942/
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2020: In tissue samples from patients with Alzheimer's and in mouse models, increased MAGL (which breaks down 2-AG) could be a biomarker to suggest the use of the diabetic drug metformin to help with neurogenesis and spatial memory
Dysregulated expression of monoacylglycerol lipase is a marker for anti-diabetic drug metformin-targeted therapy to correct impaired neurogenesis and spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255032/
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2020: In mice with AD, CBD improved cognition and decreased anxiety
Cannabidiol (CBD) Improves Cognition and Decreases Anxiety in the SAMP8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s
https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09741
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2020: In mice with AD, treatment with THC reduced their plaques & restored memory function
Prolonged Tetrahydrocannabinol treatment reduces amyloid plaque deposition and restores memory function in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0040-1708321
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2019: In mouse brain slices simulating AD, CBD protected the hippocampus – perhaps by PPARα
Cannabidiol Reverses Deficits in Hippocampal LTP in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574668
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2018: In microglial cells, CB1/CB2 heterocomplexes could be a target for AD
Receptor-heteromer mediated regulation of endocannabinoid signaling in activated microglia. Role of CB1 and CB2 receptors and relevance for Alzheimer's disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28843453
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2017: In cells, CBD lessens oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ
Effects of cannabidiol interactions with Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28981597
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2016: In stem cells, CBD modulates the expressions of genes related to Alzheimer’s
Cannabidiol Modulates the Expression of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28025562
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2015: In a mouse model of AD, JZL184 (MGL inhibitor) lessens neuroinflammation
Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 reduces neuroinflammatory response in APdE9 mice and in adult mouse glial cells
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25927213
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2015: In a mouse model of AD, THC + CBD reduced learning impairment, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and inflammatory-related molecules
Cannabis-based medicine reduces multiple pathological processes in AβPP/PS1 mice
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25125475
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2014: In a mouse model of AD, the CB1 expression is altered, suggesting a therapeutic target
Altered expression of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24496074
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2014: In a cellular model of AD, THC lowers amyloid beta proteins - directly interacts with peptide - lowers GSK - enhances mitochondria function
The potential therapeutic effects of THC on Alzheimer's disease
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25024327
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2014: In a mouse model of AD, CBD protected from onset and helped for symptoms of social withdrawal and facial recognition
Long-term cannabidiol treatment prevents the development of social recognition memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25024347/
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2014: In humans with AD, postmortem brain samples showed altered CB1 expression
Type-1 cannabinoid receptor activity during Alzheimer's disease progression
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24946872
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2014: In brain slices, B-amyloid suppresses CB1
β-Amyloid inhibits E-S potentiation through suppression of cannabinoid receptor 1-dependent synaptic disinhibition
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24945775/
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2014: In rats model of AD, cognition & memory improved by CBD
Chronic cannabidiol treatment improves social and object recognition in double transgenic APPswe/PS1∆E9 mice
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24577515
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2014: In cells, CBD increases neuronal survival in model of AD by reducing apoptosis and decreasing amyloid precursor protein levels via PPARγ receptor
Cannabidiol promotes amyloid precursor protein ubiquitination and reduction of beta amyloid expression in SHSY5YAPP+ cells through PPARγ involvement
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288245
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2013: In a mouse model of tauopathy, phytocannabinoids improve dopamine transmission and the pathology of tau and amyloid plaques
Natural cannabinoids improve dopamine neurotransmission and tau and amyloid pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23478312
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2013: In an animal model of AD, ECS helped to clear the beta-amyloid’s across the blood-brain barrier
Role of the cannabinoid system in the transit of beta-amyloid across the blood-brain barrier
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23831388/
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2013: In mice, activating CB2 helps with AD
CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist ameliorates Alzheimer-like phenotype in AβPP/PS1 mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23515018/
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2011: In the postmortem brains of Alzheimer’s patients, a look at the state of the ECS
Molecular reorganization of endocannabinoid signalling in Alzheimer's disease
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21459826/
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2011: In a mouse model of AD, CBD lessens the activation of the microglia
Cannabidiol and other cannabinoids reduce microglial activation in vitro and in vivo: relevance to Alzheimer's disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350020
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2011: In a rat model of AD, CBD’s help may be mediated by the PPARγ nuclear receptor – reduces damage from reactive oxygen species
Cannabidiol reduces Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis through PPARγ involvement
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22163051/
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2007: In a mouse model of AD, CBD helps via several pathways
Cannabidiol in vivo blunts beta-amyloid induced neuroinflammation by suppressing IL-1beta and iNOS expression
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17592514/
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2006: In cells, CBD prevents beta-amyloid induced neuronal death via its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species
Cannabidiol inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression and nitric oxide production in beta-amyloid stimulated PC12 neurons through p38 MAP kinase and NF-kappaB involvement
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16490313​
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2006: In cell cultures, CBD helps in AD because it “inhibits hyperphosphorylation of tau protein”
The marijuana component cannabidiol inhibits beta-amyloid-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation through Wnt/beta-catenin pathway rescue in PC12 cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16389547
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2006: In cell cultures, CBD inhibits damage of beta-amyloids
CB1 receptor selective activation inhibits beta-amyloid-induced iNOS protein expression in C6 cells and subsequently blunts tau protein hyperphosphorylation in co-cultured neurons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16837132/
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2006: In rodents, after insult with a beta-amyloid, 2-AG levels rise
Endocannabinoids and beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in vivo: effect of pharmacological elevation of endocannabinoid levels
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16732431/
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2006: In a tissue model of AD, compared to other drugs, ‘THC is a considerably superior inhibitor of Aβ aggregation’
A Molecular Link Between the Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562334/
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2005: In the brains of humans & in rats, cannabinoids protect by blocking microglial activation in senile plaques
Prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology by cannabinoids: neuroprotection mediated by blockade of microglial activation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728830/
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2004: In a model of AD cells, pretreatment with CBD reduced reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and other protective effects
Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on beta-amyloid-induced toxicity in PC12 cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15030397
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2003: In a mouse model of AD, injecting beta-amyloid fragments into the brain causes amnesia – but this can be attenuated by blocking CB1 receptor
Amnesia induced by beta-amyloid fragments is counteracted by cannabinoid CB1 receptor blockade
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14522360
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2003: In brains of deceased AD patients, CB2 and FAAH overexpressed – CB1 unchanged
Cannabinoid CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are selectively overexpressed in neuritic plaque-associated glia in Alzheimer's disease brains
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657172
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