CV Sciences win Immune Support Product of the year from NutraIngredients
Best of the Week...
This review of clinical studies of cannabinoids in older adults found CBD to have a low incidence of adverse events & no serious adverse advents
Safety and Tolerability of Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Open-Label Trials and Observational Studies
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34235645/
A review of the complex, extensive & controversial relationship between your serotonin, your cannabinoids & your sleep-wake cycle
Cannabinoids and sleep-wake cycle: The potential role of serotonin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34216647/
For any nerds of the dorsal raphe, you’ll be in heaven.
Case study of PEA for the neuropathic pain of shingles
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in the treatment of neuropathic pain: a case study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34289728/
In mice, in a study supportive of ‘the entourage effect’, delivering CBDA in a cannabis extract versus as an isolated molecule caused its levels in the blood plasma to be 14x higher
Cannabis constituents interact at the drug efflux pump BCRP to markedly increase plasma cannabidiolic acid concentrations
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294753/
Clinical Studies & Reviews of CBD & the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A review of the potential of CBD & THC in sports medicine
Therapeutic Potential for Cannabinoids in Sports Medicine: Current Literature Review
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34234089/
In humans, a new analysis method for looking at your metabolites of CBD produced from using it to treat epilepsy
UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Cannabidiol and Its Metabolites in Serum of Patients with Resistant Epilepsy Treated with CBD Formulations
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34209666/
In humans, their circulating levels of AEA altered connectivity in the brain between regions linked to reward & salience (noticing of stimuli)
Endocannabinoid signaling of homeostatic status modulates functional connectivity in reward and salience networks
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34212205/
This review discusses targeting the ECS for treatment of PTSD
Targeting the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of PTSD: A promising case of preclinical-clinical translation?
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322321014724
This review looks at CB2 as a target for epilepsy treatment
The CB2 Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy Treatment
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202107.0163/v1
This study looked at how various nutraceuticals bound to the CB2 receptor
CB2 Receptor Binding Affinity of Various Nutraceutical Ingredients and Their Combinations
This review looks at targeting FAAH & MAGL to treat Alzheimer’s disease
The role of endocannabinoid pathway in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: Can the inhibitors of MAGL and FAAH prove to be potential therapeutic targets against the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34217798/
This review examines what we know about modulating the endocannabinoid system from birth through adolescence
Early Consumption of Cannabinoids: From Adult Neurogenesis to Behavior
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34299069/
In the breast milk of human mothers, the endocannabinoid 2-AG is highest during the day
Human Milk Endocannabinoid Levels as a Function of Obesity and Diurnal Rhythm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308542/
In a patient with severe pain after a stroke, a 1:1 ratio of THC & CBD gave relief after 3 years of other therapies did not
Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol as an oromucosal spray in a 1:1 ratio: a therapeutic option for patients with central post-stroke pain syndrome?
https://casereports.bmj.com/content/14/7/e243072.abstract
Preclinical Research & Cannabinoid Chemistry
In rats exposed to UV radiation, topical CBD protected the skin & also absorbed into the bloodstream where it proceeded to the liver & caused many changes
Changes in Hepatic Phospholipid Metabolism in Rats under UV Irradiation and Topically Treated with Cannabidiol
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1157/htm
In baby rats with crushed spinal cords, CBD protected the neurons in the spine & reduced the reaction of the glial cells, probably via the CB1 receptor
Short and long-term neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol after neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34303725/
In a rat model of seizures, both THC & CBD are effective at have antiseizure properties but the most effective is a small amount of THC added to a larger dose of CBD
Antiseizure effects of the cannabinoids in the amygdala-kindling model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34251027/
In mice addicted to cocaine, CBD helped to prevent drug motivated behavior
Cannabidiol produces distinct U-shaped dose-response effects on cocaine conditioned place preference and associated recruitment of prelimbic neurons in male rats
https://www.bpsgos.org/article/S2667-1743(21)00060-4/fulltext
In glioma cells (the fastest growing type of brain tumor), CBD caused the transcription factor NFKB to become toxic to the tumor cells
OMRT-1. Cannabidiol converts NFKB into a tumor-suppressor in glioblastoma with defined antioxidative properties
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8255461/
In placental cells, CBD affects apoptotic and autophagic processes
Cannabidiol disrupts apoptosis, autophagy and invasion processes of placental trophoblasts
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34302491/
In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s, inhibiting the FAAH enzyme (a mechanism of CBD) lowers inflammation of the microglia (brain immune cells) via several different cellular processes
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibition Modulates Amyloid-Beta-Induced Microglia Polarization
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34299330/
In neurons of the hippocampus, activating the CB2 receptor protected them from the Aβ plaques associated with Alzheimer’s
Effects of CB2 Receptor Agonist JWH133 on Aβ42-Induced Hippocampal Neurons
https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2353
In animal models of alcoholism, inhibiting the DAGL enzyme (which produces 2-AG) reduced alcohol consumption
Targeting diacylglycerol lipase reduces alcohol consumption in preclinical models
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34292886/
In mice, augmenting endocannabinoid levels helped facilitate goal seeking via increases of dopamine
Chronic augmentation of endocannabinoid levels persistently increases dopaminergic encoding of reward cost and motivation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34230105/
In brain slices from rats, the ECS helps to regulate synaptic plasticity via the PPARs (nuclear receptors that control the regulation of genetic transcription)
Tonic Endocannabinoid Signaling Gates Synaptic Plasticity in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Serotonin Neurons Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34262460/
CBD also targets the PPARs & in some studies, CBD has been found to turn on hundreds of different genes & turn off hundreds of other genes.
No wonder it’s often so hard to figure out exactly how CBD is helping.
In neurons, activating the endocannabinoid system protected from the damage of the potent neuroexcitatory amino acid kainic acid
Kainate-Induced Degeneration of Hippocampal Neurons. Protective Effect of Activation of the Endocannabinoid System
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34297297/
In mice, the novel cannabinoid VSN16R is helpful for the behavioral symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome
Reversal of behavioural phenotype by the cannabinoid-like compound VSN16R in fragile X syndrome mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34196695/
In a chick model of the eye, cannabinoids are involved with the control of stem cells
Cannabinoid signaling promotes the de-differentiation and proliferation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34231253/
A fascinating doctoral thesis on cannabinoid probes that are fluorescent or photoswitchable (able to be turned on by light)
Out of the Dark, Into the Light: Fluorescent and Photoswitchable Probes for Cannabinoid Receptors
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/handle/20.500.11850/492206/4/Abstract_27609.pdf
The ability to use light to switch a cannabinoid on & off is a wonderfully science-fiction type method for figuring out how the endocannabinoid system actually works.