​

2022: Using data from the Releaf app, cannabis found to be quickly effective for nausea – with sativas & higher THC levels performing better

The Effectiveness of Common Cannabis Products for Treatment of Nausea

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35258504/

​

2022: In rats with nausea from THC, CBD lessened the effects via a serotonin receptor

Cannabidiol Interferes with Establishment of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Nausea Through a 5-HT 1A Mechanism

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33998876/

​

2022: In an animal model of colitis, CBD reduced pain responses

NON-PSYCHOTROPIC PHYTOCANNABINOIDS ATTENUATE VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS)-INDUCED COLITIS

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8859311/

​

2022: In a rat model of nausea from chemotherapy, they experienced benefit from THC,CBD & CBD Acid
Evaluation of Sex Differences in the Potential of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol, Cannabidiolic Acid, and Oleoyl Alanine to Reduce Nausea-Induced Conditioned Gaping Reactions in Sprague-Dawley Rats
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35984924

​

2022: In a mouse model of Parkinson’s, CBD significantly improved motor deficits & protected the midbrain via the gut-brain axis
Effects of Cannabidiol on Parkinson's Disease in a Transgenic Mouse Model by Gut-Brain Metabolic Analysis

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35360659/

​

2022: In a survey of medical cannabis patients in Oklahoma, they found cannabis to provide ‘extreme relief’ from anxiety, sleep problems, nausea & depression
Characteristics of adults with a medical cannabis license, reasons for use, and perceptions of benefit following medical cannabis legalization in Oklahoma
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522000845

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2022: In a computer analysis for diabetic effects, CBD, THC & full-spectrum extracts were found to inhibit α-glucosidase (an enzyme that breaks down glucose)
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol and standardized cannabinoid extracts from Cannabis sativa
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35856057

​

2022: In a rat model of diabetes, treatment with Vitamin D seems to help partially via the CB1 receptors of the colon

Vitamin D mitigates diabetes-associated metabolic and cognitive dysfunction by modulating gut microbiota and colonic cannabinoid receptor 1

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34942358/

​

2022: According to a large survey, women (but not men) who heavily smoke cannabis were less likely to get diabetes mellitus

Cannabis Use and Diabetes Mellitus among U.S. Adults: The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 2013–2018

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/can.2021.0134

​

2022: In heart cells stressed by high levels of glucose (a model of diabetes), CBD protected them from arrythmia & cytotoxicity via inhibition of the sodium channels

Cannabidiol protects against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32077098/

​

2022: In a mouse model of obesity, treatment with CBD & omega 3 (fish oil) improved the gut microbiome as well as reducing anxiety & memory impairment

High Fat Diet Alteration of Gut Microbiota Impacts Learning, Memory and Anxiety Response in Mice: Cannabidiol and Omega 3 Possible Remedies

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=115157

​

2022: In a rat model of obesity, CBD treatment protected their hearts via several measures

Cannabidiol Downregulates Myocardial de Novo Ceramide Synthesis Pathway in a Rat Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35216351/

​

2022: In a mouse model of obesity, PEA restored the plasticity of their white & brown fat cells, leptin sensitivity, tissue hormone sensitivity & rewired the energy storing white into energy-consuming brown fat cells

Palmitoylethanolamide Promotes White-to-Beige Conversion and Metabolic Reprogramming of Adipocytes: Contribution of PPAR-α

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/338

​

2022: In mice, a combination of diet & exercise improved their ECS & their metabolic function

Effect of diet and physical exercise on endocannabinoid system and energy homeostasis in obese mice

https://e-century.us/files/ijcem/14/3/ijcem0118169.pdf

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2022: In mice, CB1 receptors may form heteromer complexes with a ghrelin receptor, stressing the importance of the ECS & the regulation of metabolism

Ghrelin and Cannabinoid Functional Interactions Mediated by Ghrelin/CB 1 Receptor Heteromers That Are Upregulated in the Striatum From Offspring of Mice Under a High-Fat Diet

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34955755/

​

2021: In a related clinical study, people with the highest risk of obesity had lower levels of CB1 receptors

Obesity risk is associated with altered cerebral glucose metabolism and decreased μ-opioid and CB 1 receptor availability

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34728775/

​

2021: In mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome (a symptom of COVID-19), anandamide treatment suppressed inflammation in the lungs as well as the lymph nodes of the guts via beneficial changes to the microbiome & the gut-lung axis

Endocannabinoid Anandamide Attenuates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome through Modulation of Microbiome in the Gut-Lung Axis

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/12/3305/htm

​

2021: In mice with neuropathic pain from diabetes, their cannabinoid & opioid receptors interact & may be targeted by hemopressin for pain control

Interactions between cannabinoid and opioid receptors in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34724682/

​

2021: crazy tech advance: using light to control the activation of endocannabinoids in cells

Genetically-targeted photorelease of endocannabinoids enables optical control of GPR55 in pancreatic β-cells

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34777770/

​

2021: In a mouse model of diabetes, abnormal cannabidiol (a synthetic isomer) reduces inflammation, preserves islets of the pancreas & delays the progress of insulitis

Abnormal cannabidiol ameliorates inflammation preserving pancreatic beta cells in mouse models of experimental type 1 diabetes and beta cell damage

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34872800/

​

2021: In obese mice, alterations to their orexin system & to their 2-AG/CB1 signaling led to problems with episodic memory

Orexin-A and endocannabinoids are involved in obesity-associated alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis, plasticity, and episodic memory in mice

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34675233/

​

2021: In neurons of the hypothalamus related to feeding, endocannabinoids are required for the proper control of energy homeostasis

Endogenous cannabinoids are required for MC4R-mediated control of energy homeostasis

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34654741/

​

2021: In male rats, CBD treatment when they are teenagers leads to later changes in metabolism

Juvenile cannabidiol chronic treatments produce robust changes in metabolic markers in adult male Wistar rats

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34478689/

​

2021: In rats fed a high-fat diet, CBD reduced insulin resistance & decreased the tau protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease

Cannabidiol - A phytocannabinoid that widely affects sphingolipid metabolism under conditions of brain insulin resistance

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34435590/

​

2021: In rats, mothers being fed a high-fat diet altered the CB1 levels in the brains of their sons & led to depressive symptoms in early life

Maternal High-Fat Diet Modulates Cnr1 Gene Expression in Male Rat Offspring

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34445045/

​

2021: In cells that produce cholecystokinin (CCK - a hormone that regulates the pancreas, gastric motility & appetite), the endocannabinoid 2-AG caused increased CCK secretion via the CB1 receptor

2-Arachidonoyl glycerol potently induces cholecystokinin secretion in murine enteroendocrine STC-1 cells via cannabinoid receptor CB1

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34533218/

​

2021: In humans, a 1:1 THC:CBD capsule helped with the nausea & vomiting of chemotherapy: “83% of participants preferred cannabis to placebo”

Oral THC:CBD cannabis extract for refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase II crossover trial

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32801017/

​

2021: In humans with IBD, this survey finds that medical cannabis helped patients with their symptoms

Attitudes towards and use of cannabis in New Zealand patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an exploratory study

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33651776/

​

2021: In humans with Crohn’s disease, CBD-rich cannabis extracts caused significant improvements to the quality of life - though no significant changes to inflammatory scores

Oral CBD-rich cannabis induces clinical but not endoscopic response in patients with Crohn's disease, a randomized controlled trial

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33858011/

​

2021: In intestinal cells, CBD was their most promising compound against inflammation & oxidative stress

Cannabidiol Isolated From Cannabis sativa L. Protects Intestinal Barrier From In Vitro Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33995048/

​

2021: In mice with inflamed colons, a combination of polydatin (a precursor of resveratrol) & ultra-micronized PEA decreased inflammation via several pathways

PEA/Polydatin: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Approach to Counteract DNBS-Induced Colitis

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/464

​

2021: In mice with colitis, activating the CB2 receptor reduced the hypersensitivity of the gut tissue

Olorinab (APD371), a peripherally acting, highly selective, full agonist of the cannabinoid receptor 2, reduces colitis-induced acute and chronic visceral hypersensitivity in rodents

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33863856/

​

2020: In a Phase 2 study, the CB2 receptor agonist olorinab (a drug from Arena Pharmaceuticals) helped with the abdominal pain of Crohn's disease (14 patients)

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Olorinab, a Peripherally Acting, Highly Selective, Full Agonist of the Cannabinoid Receptor 2, in a Phase 2a Study of Patients With Chronic Abdominal Pain Associated With Crohn’s Disease

https://academic.oup.com/crohnscolitis360/advance-article/doi/10.1093/crocol/otaa089/5937224

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2020: This retrospective study found in IBS patients, cannabis users tended to have shorter hospital stays & less of them

Association Between Cannabis Use and Healthcare Utilization in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7279677/

​

2020: Survey finds patients using cannabis for their inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD)

Medicinal Cannabis for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Survey of Perspectives, Experiences, and Current Use in Australian Patients

https://academic.oup.com/crohnscolitis360/article/2/2/otaa015/5821009

​

2020: In a double-blind human study, CBD & PEA (an endogenous cannabinoid) both helped reduce permeability in the colon & appear helpful for IBS

Palmitoylethanolamide and Cannabidiol Prevent Inflammation-induced Hyperpermeability of the Human Gut In Vitro and In Vivo-A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Controlled Trial

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31054246

​

2020: CBD influences motility of the inflamed colon

Effects of O-1602 and CBD on TNBS-induced colonic disturbances

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31802588

​

2020: In arteries, CBD causes vasodilation in arteries of the lung and the bowel and this effect was reduced by high blood pressure and obesity

Vasodilatory effects of cannabidiol in human pulmonary and rat small mesenteric arteries: modification by hypertension and the potential pharmacological opportunities

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31800399

​

2020: In a double-blind human study, CBD & PEA (an endogenous cannabinoid) both helped reduce permeability in the colon & appear helpful for IBS

Palmitoylethanolamide and Cannabidiol Prevent Inflammation-induced Hyperpermeability of the Human Gut In Vitro and In Vivo-A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Controlled Trial

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31054246

​

2020: In humans, a THC:CBD extract helped with chemotherapy-induced nausea & vomiting – though with additional side effects (80 participants in a phase II crossover trial)

Oral THC:CBD cannabis extract for refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase II crossover trial

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32801017/

​

2020: In rats & shrews, CBD, CBDA & the stable synthetic version of CBDA (HU-580) all helped for nausea and vomiting

Evaluation of repeated or acute treatment with cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) or CBDA methyl ester (HU-580) on nausea and/or vomiting in rats and shrews

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32488349/

​

2020: An AI analysis found that the use of cannabis slightly increased the risk of postoperative nausea

Cannabis use is associated with a small increase in the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a retrospective machine-learning causal analysis

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32423445/

​

2020: In this survey, patients rated cannabis as one of the "most effective treatments for gastrointestinal nausea"

Marijuana, Ondansetron, and Promethazine Are Perceived as Most Effective Treatments for Gastrointestinal Nausea

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32185665

​

2020: In rats, research to find the best combinations of THC & CBD or THCA & CBDA to fight nausea

Effect of combined doses of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol or tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid on acute nausea in male Sprague-Dawley rats

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31897571/

​

2019: CB1 activation found helpful for nausea - pathways identified

Δ9-THC and related cannabinoids suppress substance P- induced neurokinin NK1-receptor-mediated vomiting via activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31738934

​

2019: A case study of treating the anxiety of a Crohn’s patient with CBD

A Case Report of Cannabidiol Treatment of a Crohn's Disease Patient With Anxiety Disorder

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31834086/

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2019: CB2 activation seems helpful for intestinal failures

The curative effect of cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist on functional failure and disruptive inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31373049/

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2019: Long-term cannabis use associated with improvements in IBD

Medical cannabis for inflammatory bowel disease: real-life experience of mode of consumption and assessment of side-effects

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31567639

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2019: Cannabidivarin (CBDV) may be useful for the treatment of ulcerative colitis

The non-euphoric phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin counteracts intestinal inflammation in mice and cytokine expression in biopsies from UC pediatric patients

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31553934

​

2019: Cannabis use associated with fewer complications in colitis patients (~600 in a propensity matched retrospective cohort study)

Association between cannabis use and complications related to ulcerative colitis in hospitalized patients: A propensity matched retrospective cohort study

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393356/

​

2019: In humans with IBS, the immune cells of the colon had increased expression of MOR, β-END, and CB2 (31 IBS patients)

µ-opioid receptor, β-endorphin, and cannabinoid receptor-2 are increased in the colonic mucosa of irritable bowel syndrome patients

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31336406/

​

2019: In humans, cannabis use reduced cancer risk in patients with Crohn’s disease – but increased other negatives (~7500 patients in a propensity-matched sample)

In-hospital outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in cannabis users: a nationwide propensity-matched analysis in the United States

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31355219

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2019: In humans with schizophrenia, cannabis protected against gut disorders

Cannabis use disorders may protect against certain disorders of the digestive organs in people with schizophrenia but not in healthy controls

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30880659

​

2019: In humans with Chron's disease, users of cannabis less likely to have serious side effects

Association Between Cannabis Use and Complications Related to Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30825109

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2019: A survey of young patients with IBD found cannabis extracts helpful

Cannabis Oil Use by Adolescents and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801394/

​

2019: In humans with IBD & colon cancer, many changes in ECS levels

Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30787385

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2019: In rats with IBS, CB2 activation by AM1241 helped

Activation of cannabinoid 2 receptor relieves colonic hypermotility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30793435/

​

2019: In a human double-blind study, both CBD & PEA reduced inflammation & reducing permeability in the human colon

Palmitoylethanolamide and Cannabidiol Prevent Inflammation-induced Hyperpermeability of the Human Gut In Vitro and In Vivo—A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Controlled Trial

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31054246

​

2019: CB2 agonist helps with IBD

Cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist promotes parameters implicated in mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2050640619889773

​

2019: CB2 agonists developed for use against ulcerative colitis

Benzofuran and pyrrole derivatives as cannabinoid receptor modulators with in vivo efficacy against ulcerative colitis

https://www.future-science.com/doi/abs/10.4155/fmc-2019-0172

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2017: In a human colon, CBD & PEA help with inflammation

Cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide are anti-inflammatory in the acutely inflamed human colon

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28954820

​

2017: A small study of CBD for Crohn’s found no benefit – but they used a very low amount of CBD

Low-Dose Cannabidiol Is Safe but Not Effective in the Treatment for Crohn's Disease, a Randomized Controlled Trial.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28349233

​

2017: A study looking at mechanisms of how THCA helps with IBDs

Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Colon Models Is Derived from Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid That Interacts with Additional Compounds in Cannabis Extracts

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29082314

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2016: In a mouse model of colitis, CBD extract decreased damage & reduced intestinal hypermotility better than isolated CBD

An Orally Active Cannabis Extract with High Content in Cannabidiol attenuates Chemically-induced Intestinal Inflammation and Hypermotility in the Mouse

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27757083/

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2016: The endocannabinoids OEA & PEA found to modulate intestinal permeability using the TRPV1 channel and the PPARα nuclear receptor

Oleoylethanolamine and palmitoylethanolamine modulate intestinal permeability in vitro via TRPV1 and PPARα.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27623929

​​

2015: In rats with nausea, inhibiting FAAH helped with acute & anticipatory nausea by different pathways

Interference with acute nausea and anticipatory nausea in rats by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition through a PPARα and CB1 receptor mechanism, respectively: a double dissociation

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26297326/

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2014: In rats, the ECS is suppressed by motion sickness & dexamethasone restores its levels

Dexamethasone alleviates motion sickness in rats in part by enhancing the endocannabinoid system

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24508383

​

2014: In a model of a human colon, CBD & AEA reduced IL-17A which is linked to inflammatory bowel disease

Interleukin 17A evoked mucosal damage is attenuated by cannabidiol and anandamide in a human colonic explant model

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238999

​

2014: This team found that CBD, AEA, and the synthetic cannabinoid ACEA all help regulate autophagy. Intriguingly, AEA & ACEA both work via the CB1 receptor pathway – but CBD appears to increase autophagy via another unknown pathway

Cannabinoid-induced autophagy regulates suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in intestinal epithelium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833710

​

2014: Canadian survey shows cannabis helps IBD but worsens prognosis for Crohn’s

Cannabis use provides symptom relief in patients with inflammatory bowel disease but is associated with worse disease prognosis in patients with Crohn's disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24407485

​

2014: A synthetic inhibitor of FAAH reduces colitis in mouse model – strongly suggests it as a therapeutic target

Experimental colitis in mice is attenuated by changes in the levels of endocannabinoid metabolites induced by selective inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24530133

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2014: The endocannabinoid PEA helps intestinal motility via CB1 receptors & TRPV channels

Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide normalizes intestinal motility in a murine model of post-inflammatory accelerated transit: involvement of CB1 receptors and TRPV1.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24818658

​

2014: The endocannabinoid PEA works orally for colitis in mouse

Palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid, is an orally effective intestinal anti-inflammatory agent.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25205418

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2014: First proofs that the CB receptors are responsible for the protection & therapeutic action of cannabinoids in mouse models of colitis

Cannabinoids alleviate experimentally induced intestinal inflammation by acting at central and peripheral receptors

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25275313

 

2013: In rats, CBDA was 1000 times more potent than CBD in reducing acute nausea

Effect of low doses of cannabidiolic acid and ondansetron on LiCl-induced conditioned gaping (a model of nausea-induced behaviour) in rats

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23488964

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2013: In rats, oral cannabis extract helped with colitis

Pro-resolution, protective and anti-nociceptive effects of a cannabis extract in the rat gastrointestinal tract

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23756391/

​

2013: CBG for IBD

Beneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415610

​

2013: A study for Crohn’s saw significant clinical benefits in 8 weeks – but not complete remission

Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn's disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23648372

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2013: A survey of patients using cannabis for IBS

Marijuana use patterns among patients with inflammatory bowel disease

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24185313

​

2013: Hergenrather on Crohn’s & IBD considerations

Hergenrather presents study of Crohn’s patients as a template for clinical research on Cannabis

https://www.beyondthc.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Hergenrather-CME.pdf

​

2013: In a tissue culture, an inflammation factor in IBD was attenuated by CBD & AEA

Interleukin 17A evoked mucosal damage is attenuated by cannabidiol and anandamide in a human colonic explant model.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238999

​​

2013: The levels of endocannabinoids in the plasma of patients corresponded to their pain levels

Endocannabinoid and cannabinoid-like fatty acid amide levels correlate with pain-related symptoms in patients with IBS-D and IBS-C: a pilot study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386448

​

2012: A small pilot study finds inhaled cannabis helps improve quality of life in IBD patients

Impact of cannabis treatment on the quality of life, weight and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a pilot prospective study.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22095142

​

2012: CBD found helpful for colitis in mice using several ingestion methods

Topical and systemic cannabidiol improves trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in mice

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22414698

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2012: “Phytocannabinoids have therapeutic potential for reversing the disordered intestinal permeability associated with inflammation”

Cannabinoids mediate opposing effects on inflammation-induced intestinal permeability.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745190

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2012: Research on CB1 in the gut’s inflammation and permeability – found that AEA, 2AG, & CB1 activation play key modulatory roles in a healthy gut response

The role of CB1 in intestinal permeability and inflammation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28404744

​

2012: CBD lessens vomiting via serotonin 5HT1A

Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic component of cannabis, attenuates vomiting and nausea-like behaviour via indirect agonism of 5-HT(1A) somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21827451

​

2011: CBG and CBD may oppose their effects at the serotonin 5HT1A

Interaction between non-psychotropic cannabinoids in marihuana: effect of cannabigerol (CBG) on the anti-nausea or anti-emetic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats and shrews

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21243485

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2011: this observational study is the first look at cannabis for Crohn’s in humans & sees a positive effect

Treatment of Crohn's disease with cannabis: an observational study.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21910367

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2011: This survey found many IBD patients using cannabis for symptom relief

Cannabis use amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21795981

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2011: CBD found helpful for gut inflammation via neuroimmune system

Cannabidiol reduces intestinal inflammation through the control of neuroimmune axis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22163000

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2010: Both THC & CBD found helpful for gut motility, inflammation & damage in colitis mouse model

The effects of Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alone and in combination on damage, inflammation and in vitro motility disturbances in rat colitis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20590574

​

2010: A different version of the CB1 receptor can change your likelihood of getting colitis & Crohn’s

The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CNR1) 1359 G/A polymorphism modulates susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and the phenotype in Crohn's disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20195480

​

2009: The genetic variant of your FAAH enzyme can lead to worse outcomes in IBD/Crohn’s

The role of fatty acid hydrolase gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19053981

​

2009: CBD is protective in mice with colitis

Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic ingredient of the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, is protective in a murine model of colitis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19690824

​

2008: In mice, targeting the ECS shows protection against colitis

Targeting endocannabinoid degradation protects against experimental colitis in mice: involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18493729

​

2005: Hergenrather presents first survey of anecdotal evidence of cannabis for Crohn’s

Cannabis Alleviates Symptoms Of Crohn’s Disease

https://beyondthc.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/JYH-Crohns-2005.pdf

​

2005: A biopsy of Crohn’s patients found many cannabinoid receptors in the diseased tissue

Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids promote epithelial wound healing

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16083701

​

2004: In shrews, THC reduced lithium induced vomiting while CBD’s effects were biphasic

Effect of cannabinoids on lithium-induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13680081

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2001: In rats, CBDA prevents vomiting via serotonin receptors

Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea-induced behaviour in rats by enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121618

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